Tension headache is the most common form of headache and is often experienced as a mild to moderate, pressing or tightening pain that feels like a tight band around the head. The pain is usually located on both sides of the head and may start in the neck, spreading forward toward the forehead, where it often feels most intense. In some cases, the pain may also radiate into the shoulders and arms. Tension headaches are generally not worsened by normal physical activity - in fact, moving or going for a walk can sometimes help relieve them.

About one-third of the population experiences tension headaches several times a month, around 10% experience them weekly, and approximately 3% have a chronic form, where the headache is present more than half of the days in a month.

The cause of tension headache is often muscle tension in the neck, shoulders, and scalp. Poor posture, repetitive movements, lack of sleep, dehydration, stress, and restlessness can all trigger or worsen the headache. For some, issues with bite function, such as misalignment or teeth grinding, may also play a role. If the headache becomes chronic, the nervous system can become more sensitive, causing the pain to persist over time.

Tension headache is felt as a pressing or tightening pain that is rarely accompanied by nausea, although some people may experience mild sensitivity to light or sound. The headache can last anywhere from half an hour to several days. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, but keeping a headache diary can be helpful if you are unsure about what triggers the pain.