Osteoarthritis, also called arthrosis, is one of the most common types of arthritis and occurs when the cartilage in the joints gradually breaks down. Cartilage functions as a kind of shock absorber between the bones, and when it wears away, the strain on the bones, ligaments, and joint capsule increases. Over time, this can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joint.

Osteoarthritis most often affects joints that bear a lot of weight or are used frequently in daily life, such as the knees, hips, hands, feet, neck, and spine. The disease develops slowly over many years and can vary greatly from person to person. Many live well with osteoarthritis without major discomfort, while others experience significant pain, reduced function, and an impaired quality of life.

The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis are pain in and around the joint, which often starts when beginning to move after rest. Later, the pain may occur during activity, and in more severe cases, even at rest. Other typical signs include stiffness, swelling, cracking or grinding sensations in the joint, reduced mobility, and in some cases, deformity of the joint. Over time, the muscles around the joint may weaken.

Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by wear and aging, but heredity, previous injuries, strenuous physical work, and being overweight can also play a role. For example, old knee injuries, meniscus damage, or joint misalignments can increase the risk. In general, a distinction is made between a hereditary type and a type that develops as a result of wear, injury, or overuse.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition that can fluctuate between good and bad periods. Although cartilage cannot regenerate, much can be done to relieve symptoms and slow the progression.