Neck pain is very common and affects most people at some point in their lives. The pain is typically located in the neck, upper back, back of the head, or around the shoulders. It is often accompanied by stiffness and muscle tension, such as knots or a stiff neck. Most pain resolves on its own without lasting effects.

Symptoms range from pain and stiffness to radiation up into the head, shoulders, or arms. The pain often worsens with movement but improves with rest. Many have sore neck muscles, and in acute cases, the head may be forced to one side. If the nerves are affected, one may experience tingling, prickling, or numbness in the arms and hands.

A distinction is made between uncomplicated neck pain, whiplash, and pain with radiation. The condition is most common in women and becomes more frequent with age, especially in chronic cases. Acute neck pain is most often seen in younger adults, but recurring episodes can begin as early as the 20s.

The most common causes of neck pain are muscle tension due to stress, poor posture, or vision problems. Wear and reduced mobility in the neck joints can also cause pain. A herniated disc can press on nerves and cause pain, sensory disturbances, or weakness, especially in people aged 40–60.

Osteoarthritis in the cervical vertebrae is common in older adults and can cause stiffness and diffuse pain. Whiplash after accidents can cause long-lasting discomfort in some people. Less common causes include rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, or other rheumatic conditions.

It is important to see a doctor if neck pain is accompanied by fever, malaise, difficulty swallowing, or reduced strength in the arms or legs. You should also contact a doctor if the pain is severe, lasts several days, interferes with daily activities, or does not improve.