Lumbago, often called a "witch’s shot" or acute back pain, is a sudden, sharp pain in the back, often described as a stabbing sensation. The pain may be localized in the lower back, mid-back, or neck and can radiate into the buttocks, legs, arms, or chest, depending on its location. A witch’s shot is a form of acute back pain, also known as lumbago.

It typically causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Many people walk bent forward or with a curved back to reduce the pain, which often worsens with certain movements.

Back pain is a widespread condition, and a witch’s shot is one of the most common types. Most people experience it several times in their lives. The cause is not always clear but may involve imbalances in muscles, tendons, or connective tissue, possibly because the back compensates for issues elsewhere in the body. Heavy lifting, twisting, repetitive work, poor physical condition, or stress can trigger the pain.

Sometimes small tears in the discs, pressure on a nerve root from a herniated disc, or wear in the facet joints may also play a role. In rare cases, serious conditions such as fractures, infections, or tumors can be the cause.

A witch’s shot usually lasts a few days but can persist longer. Most cases resolve on their own. If the pain lasts more than 12 weeks, it is considered long-term, but a witch’s shot is typically a short-term condition.