Inflammatory bowel disease is a collective term for chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestines, with the two most well-known forms being Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

In Crohn’s disease, the inflammation can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum, but it most commonly affects the area where the small intestine meets the large intestine. The inflammation extends deep into the intestinal wall and can cause scarring and narrowing, which may make it difficult for the intestines to function normally. Ulcerative colitis differs in that it only occurs in the large intestine, typically in the rectum or lower part of the colon, where the inflammation affects the mucous membrane and creates ulcers, often resulting in bloody diarrhea.

The symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease can vary, but many experience abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and general malaise. For some, the disease can also cause problems outside the intestines, such as inflammation in the joints, eyes, or skin.

The disease can affect children, adolescents, and adults but is most common in young adults. Inflammatory bowel disease is chronic and often occurs in flare-ups, with other periods being more stable. Despite its chronic nature, many people can live active lives if they learn to manage their symptoms and take care of their bodies.