Diabetic neuropathy, also called diabetic nerve damage, is a late complication of diabetes. It can develop gradually over many years and cause lasting symptoms, or it can occur more suddenly with temporary discomfort.

The chronic form most often affects the nerves in the feet and legs, and less commonly the hands and arms. Many people experience reduced sensation in the toes and feet, tingling or prickling sensations, dry skin that easily cracks, and in some cases problems with bowel movements, urination, or sexual function. The risk increases with age – from about 5% in younger adults to up to 44% in older people with diabetes.

In the sudden form, one or more nerves in the eye, arm, or leg are typically affected, causing pain and reduced muscle strength. The symptoms often resolve over time. Paradoxical pain may occur in feet without sensation, and more rarely, dizziness or diarrhea.

Diabetic neuropathy can damage sensory nerves, muscles, and nerves to internal organs. The foot often becomes warm, dry, and numb, increasing the risk of ulcers because pressure, pain, or heat are not felt. Damage to blood vessels can lead to oxygen deficiency, swelling, and fractures in the foot.

The cause is related to blood sugar regulation, but smoking, alcohol, obesity, and heredity also play a role. Many people experience only mild symptoms at first, often as burning or stinging sensations that vary in intensity and can be difficult to detect.

Diabetic neuropathy is therefore a condition that should be detected early to prevent complications such as ulcers and amputations.