Anxiety is very common among people with chronic pain. The connection between pain and anxiety is complex: pain can trigger anxiety and worry, while anxiety can worsen the perception of pain and make it harder to manage. This mutual influence can create a vicious cycle that is difficult to break.

Anxiety related to chronic pain can take many forms. Many worry about the cause of the pain, whether it will get worse, or if it is a sign of something serious. The fear of pain can lead to avoidance behavior, where one stops engaging in activities out of fear of triggering or worsening the pain. Over time, this avoidance can lead to reduced physical function, muscle weakness, and increased isolation, which paradoxically can make the pain worse. Some develop health anxiety or catastrophic thoughts, where even small changes in pain are perceived as signs of serious deterioration.

When living with chronic pain, uncertainty about the future can cause worry. Many are nervous about how the pain will affect their work, finances, relationships, and ability to take care of themselves. The fear of losing control or becoming dependent on others is also common. Some experience actual anxiety attacks or panic attacks, especially when the pain suddenly worsens.

Anxiety affects the body physically and can worsen the pain experience. Anxiety causes muscle tension, faster breathing, and increased activity in the nervous system, which can intensify pain signals. Worry and rumination keep the focus on the pain and can make it more dominant in one’s awareness.